我們寫(xiě)好教案之后,在上課過(guò)程中也是會(huì)提高自信的,教案在起草的過(guò)程中,我們務(wù)必要強(qiáng)調(diào)文字表述規(guī)范,以下是范文社小編精心為您推薦的高三英語(yǔ)教案5篇,供大家參考。
高三英語(yǔ)教案篇1
教學(xué)目標(biāo):
學(xué)生基本掌握meat,rice,noodles,fish,milk.懂得do you like??”是提問(wèn)“你喜歡???”并能作出相應(yīng)的回答。
通過(guò)說(shuō)唱活動(dòng)培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)感,提高學(xué)生的思維能力和語(yǔ)言能力。 通過(guò)學(xué)習(xí)、合作、交流,激發(fā)學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)動(dòng)機(jī),培養(yǎng)學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)的興趣,充分調(diào)動(dòng)學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)的積極性;把所學(xué)語(yǔ)言知識(shí)與實(shí)際生活緊密結(jié)合。
遵循“以學(xué)生發(fā)展為本”的課改理念,面向全體學(xué)生,啟發(fā)和引導(dǎo)每一個(gè)學(xué)生積極主動(dòng)地參與到學(xué)習(xí)活動(dòng)中,培養(yǎng)和提高學(xué)生合作學(xué)習(xí)的意識(shí)和能力。
教學(xué)重點(diǎn):
掌握有關(guān)食物的英語(yǔ)單詞,談?wù)摬⒃?xún)問(wèn)他人的喜好。
教學(xué)難點(diǎn):
一般疑問(wèn)句的用法。
教具準(zhǔn)備:
多媒體課件,自制食物圖片。
教學(xué)過(guò)程:
step1 熱身運(yùn)動(dòng)(反應(yīng)游戲:touch your face, touch your nose)
通過(guò)tpr活動(dòng),有助于幫助學(xué)生集中注意力,做好上課的準(zhǔn)備。
step2 揭示課題
t: 同學(xué)們平時(shí)都喜歡吃什么食物?
s:肉、牛奶?
t:同學(xué)們想知道這些食物用英語(yǔ)怎么說(shuō)嗎?今天我們就一起來(lái)學(xué)習(xí)。直接點(diǎn)明這堂課的學(xué)習(xí)任務(wù)。
step3 師生交流
t:出示fish圖片.i like fish.(表現(xiàn)出喜歡的樣子)do you like fish?引導(dǎo)學(xué)生回答 yes,ido.
t:here you are.(做出給對(duì)方的樣子)
s:thank you.
教師可以和多幾個(gè)同學(xué)練習(xí)。
t:出示noodles圖片 idon’t like noodles(表現(xiàn)出不喜歡的樣子-搖頭)do you like noodles?引導(dǎo)學(xué)生回答 no,idon’t
教學(xué)其他單詞方法同上。
備課思路:師生的真實(shí)交流,讓學(xué)生感受到語(yǔ)言與實(shí)際生活緊密結(jié)合,通過(guò)
這種自然的方式把新的語(yǔ)言項(xiàng)目呈現(xiàn)給學(xué)生,讓學(xué)生體驗(yàn)獲取知識(shí)的成就感,培養(yǎng)自信心。
step 4 let’s chant (多媒體課件)
noodles noodles是面條 面條noodles細(xì)又長(zhǎng)
milk milk是牛奶牛奶milk白又甜
fish fish是魚(yú)肉魚(yú)肉fish鮮又鮮
meat meat是肉類(lèi) 肉類(lèi)meat真好吃
把單詞編成chant,鞏固學(xué)生記憶,將枯燥乏味的詞匯學(xué)習(xí),變得生動(dòng)有趣。
step 5 聽(tīng)歌并學(xué)唱歌曲
播放學(xué)生比較熟悉的旋律“how old are you?”然后根據(jù)旋律改歌詞。 do you like meat?
唱歌是學(xué)生喜歡的學(xué)習(xí)活動(dòng)形式之一。在教學(xué)中充分利用教學(xué)資源,把歌謠作為學(xué)習(xí)一般疑問(wèn)句、培養(yǎng)聽(tīng)力、檢驗(yàn)知識(shí)掌握情況、復(fù)習(xí)鞏固知識(shí)和發(fā)展學(xué)生語(yǔ)言能力的一種手段。
step 6 課文教學(xué)
老師對(duì)學(xué)生說(shuō):“ms smart,lingling,sam,amy,tom正在吃飯,我們一起來(lái)看看他們喜歡的食物是什么。”
(多媒體課件)呈現(xiàn)活動(dòng)1,請(qǐng)學(xué)生認(rèn)真聽(tīng),試著理解課文內(nèi)容,聽(tīng)第一遍錄音后,老師提問(wèn):“what does lingling like? what does sam like? what does amy like? what does tom like?”請(qǐng)學(xué)生帶著問(wèn)題聽(tīng)第二遍錄音,最后,請(qǐng)學(xué)生邊聽(tīng)邊指向相應(yīng)的圖畫(huà),并模仿跟讀。
step 7合作學(xué)習(xí)
每組一個(gè)學(xué)生拿著食物圖片問(wèn)同桌:“do you like??”另一個(gè)學(xué)生根據(jù)自己的喜好回答:“yes, i do. ∕ no, i don’t.
高三英語(yǔ)教案篇2
一、教材分析:
本課是結(jié)合人教版高中英語(yǔ)教材選修5中有關(guān)過(guò)去分詞的語(yǔ)法內(nèi)容,進(jìn)行過(guò)去分詞的學(xué)習(xí),教學(xué)中將語(yǔ)法知識(shí)的傳授和語(yǔ)言基本技能的學(xué)習(xí)結(jié)合到一起,注重復(fù)習(xí)語(yǔ)法與語(yǔ)言的運(yùn)用。采用任務(wù)型教學(xué)法和小組合作探究學(xué)習(xí)法,從而擴(kuò)大課堂的語(yǔ)言輸入量及學(xué)生的語(yǔ)言輸出量。
二、學(xué)情分析:
在英語(yǔ)學(xué)習(xí)基礎(chǔ)上,學(xué)生已經(jīng)掌握基本的語(yǔ)言結(jié)構(gòu)和一定程度的聽(tīng)說(shuō)讀寫(xiě)能力。在復(fù)習(xí)的過(guò)程中,結(jié)合學(xué)生原有的知識(shí)掌握水平,鞏固基礎(chǔ)強(qiáng)化正確使用語(yǔ)法知識(shí),提高學(xué)生運(yùn)用語(yǔ)言的深度和難度.但大部分學(xué)生的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí)仍然較為薄弱,運(yùn)用英語(yǔ)進(jìn)行交際活動(dòng)的能力較差,主動(dòng)學(xué)習(xí)的動(dòng)力不夠,然而他們學(xué)習(xí)比較認(rèn)真,渴求知欲旺盛,思維比較活躍。部分學(xué)生的基礎(chǔ)較好,能主動(dòng)配合老師。只有設(shè)置使他們感興趣的活動(dòng),因材施教,才能讓他們投入到課堂活動(dòng)中來(lái)。
三、教學(xué)目標(biāo):
1.知識(shí)目標(biāo):
引導(dǎo)學(xué)生掌握過(guò)去分詞在真實(shí)的生活語(yǔ)境中的使用。培養(yǎng)學(xué)生通讀,分析,理解,綜合的能力,教會(huì)學(xué)生體察語(yǔ)境,結(jié)合上下文,符和邏輯推理和合理的想象,結(jié)合語(yǔ)法和題干中的語(yǔ)境解決問(wèn)題。在運(yùn)用語(yǔ)言過(guò)程中培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的觀察力、分析力、想象力和自學(xué)能力,提高思維能力和運(yùn)用英語(yǔ)的綜合能力。
2.能力目標(biāo):
利用多媒體手段營(yíng)造積極和諧教學(xué)氛圍,使學(xué)生進(jìn)入情景之中,充分調(diào)動(dòng)學(xué)生的思維活動(dòng)和情感體驗(yàn),規(guī)范學(xué)生運(yùn)用英語(yǔ)知識(shí)準(zhǔn)確表達(dá)的能力,同時(shí),發(fā)展學(xué)生綜合語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用的能力,分析問(wèn)題和解決問(wèn)題的能力,培養(yǎng)學(xué)生自主學(xué)習(xí)。
3.德育目標(biāo):
用含過(guò)去分詞的句子結(jié)構(gòu)表達(dá)思想感情。
四、教學(xué)重點(diǎn):
1.過(guò)去分詞的用法.
2. 過(guò)去分詞的運(yùn)用
五、教學(xué)難點(diǎn):
1.結(jié)合語(yǔ)法知識(shí),以課堂教學(xué)為依托,全面訓(xùn)練學(xué)生的聽(tīng)、說(shuō)、讀、寫(xiě)能力,加強(qiáng)和提高運(yùn)用英語(yǔ)的綜合能力。
2. 過(guò)去分詞在真實(shí)的生活語(yǔ)境中的使用。
六、教學(xué)策略:
通過(guò)小組討論、小組競(jìng)賽等具體形式,創(chuàng)設(shè)有利于高中生自己自我認(rèn)識(shí)、自我反省、自我調(diào)節(jié)的情境,利用他們自身較高的自我意識(shí)水平對(duì)自己的學(xué)習(xí)進(jìn)行調(diào)節(jié)。因此,本課采用教學(xué)方法---任務(wù)型教學(xué)法。以任務(wù)為中心,任務(wù)的設(shè)計(jì)焦點(diǎn)是解決某一具體的貼近學(xué)生生活的問(wèn)題。教師要從學(xué)生“學(xué)”的角度來(lái)設(shè)計(jì)教學(xué)活動(dòng),使學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)活動(dòng)具有明確的目標(biāo)。在的各種“任務(wù)”中,學(xué)生能夠不斷地獲得知識(shí)并得出結(jié)論。
七、學(xué)習(xí)策略:
本課將各種活動(dòng)設(shè)計(jì)成小組活動(dòng)并開(kāi)展小組競(jìng)賽和填寫(xiě)課堂自我評(píng)價(jià)表等非測(cè)試性評(píng)價(jià)手段,幫助學(xué)生養(yǎng)成自主學(xué)習(xí)與合作學(xué)習(xí)的能力,培養(yǎng)創(chuàng)新意識(shí)和實(shí)踐能力,以及具備科學(xué)的價(jià)值觀。
八、教學(xué)用具:
多媒體輔助(將本課所需要的圖片、文字等制成ppt課件)
高三英語(yǔ)教案篇3
一、說(shuō)教材
(一)教材內(nèi)容及分析
我說(shuō)課的內(nèi)容是外研版《英語(yǔ)》(新標(biāo)準(zhǔn))高中第一冊(cè)(必修1)module 2 my new teachers 的reading and vocabulary的短文閱讀。本模塊以my new teachers 為話(huà)題,介紹了具有不同教學(xué)風(fēng)格和個(gè)性特征的教師,旨在通過(guò)模塊的教學(xué)使學(xué)生學(xué)會(huì)描述教師及校園生活,并能運(yùn)用所學(xué)詞匯、句型來(lái)表達(dá)自己的喜好,同時(shí)通過(guò)學(xué)習(xí)制定好教師的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)使師生之間相互了解。
introduction 部分已主要介紹表示個(gè)性特征的形容詞,并通過(guò)聽(tīng)力活動(dòng)對(duì)描述教師風(fēng)格的陳述進(jìn)行判斷;reading and vocabulary部分要求學(xué)生利用提供的詞匯閱讀三篇短文,了解不同教師的教學(xué)風(fēng)格。訓(xùn)練學(xué)生圍繞學(xué)校生活對(duì)教師個(gè)性特征、教學(xué)風(fēng)格進(jìn)行由淺入深的描寫(xiě)。
(二)教學(xué)目標(biāo)
根據(jù)《新課標(biāo)》總目標(biāo)的描述,結(jié)合本課的內(nèi)容,我把本節(jié)課的教學(xué)目標(biāo)系統(tǒng)化,分別是:語(yǔ)言知識(shí),能力目標(biāo),情感目標(biāo),文化意識(shí),和學(xué)習(xí)策略。
1.語(yǔ)言知識(shí)目標(biāo)
掌握并能運(yùn)用下列詞匯:
tient,serious,intelligent,energetic,amusing,nervous,shy,strict,impression,respect,organise,appreciate,admit…
2.語(yǔ)言技能目標(biāo)
運(yùn)用表示個(gè)性特征的詞匯描述熟悉的人物;理解介紹教師風(fēng)格的短文,了解不同教師的個(gè)性特征和教學(xué)風(fēng)格,獲取信息并掌握和理解作者的觀點(diǎn);簡(jiǎn)單描寫(xiě)自己身邊的老師。
3.學(xué)習(xí)策略目標(biāo)
搜集和運(yùn)用所學(xué)詞匯、短語(yǔ);對(duì)介紹教學(xué)風(fēng)格的材料進(jìn)行理解、分析、比較和總結(jié);體現(xiàn)自主合作探究相結(jié)合。
4.文化意識(shí)和情感態(tài)度目標(biāo)
加深對(duì)老師的了解和熱愛(ài), 既發(fā)揮學(xué)習(xí)主動(dòng)性也配合教師的教學(xué)工作,實(shí)現(xiàn)感情交流, 使師生關(guān)系更加融洽。
(三)教學(xué)重點(diǎn)與難點(diǎn)
重點(diǎn):圍繞學(xué)校生活對(duì)教師個(gè)性特征、教學(xué)風(fēng)格進(jìn)行描寫(xiě)。
難點(diǎn):了解不同教師的教學(xué)風(fēng)格,并運(yùn)用于實(shí)際。
二、說(shuō)學(xué)情
在教學(xué)過(guò)程中,對(duì)學(xué)情的了解是教師因材施教的關(guān)鍵。高中的學(xué)生注意力有一定的穩(wěn)定性,觀察能力很強(qiáng),具有一定的目的性,系統(tǒng)性和全面性,已經(jīng)初步實(shí)現(xiàn)從具體思維向抽象思維的過(guò)渡。他們喜歡富有個(gè)性化的教學(xué)設(shè)計(jì),喜歡接受新鮮事物。同時(shí),自我意識(shí)增強(qiáng),擁有強(qiáng)烈的主觀能動(dòng)性。尤其是海南省新課改實(shí)施以后,他們更是擁有很強(qiáng)烈的自我展現(xiàn)意識(shí)與欲望,不但在乎別人對(duì)自己的評(píng)價(jià),更渴望得到別人的關(guān)注和贊賞。他們已具有了一定的自主合作和探究的能力,具有了一定的英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)言知識(shí)和英語(yǔ)應(yīng)用的能力,具備了基本的英語(yǔ)思考和英語(yǔ)表達(dá)的基本技能。
因此,設(shè)計(jì)這節(jié)課時(shí),我充分考慮到學(xué)生的主體性,把自己作為與學(xué)生一起探討的一員,以亦師亦友的身份走進(jìn)他們,以基礎(chǔ)的語(yǔ)言啟發(fā)他們,以輕松的話(huà)題開(kāi)始,以愉快的交流展開(kāi)合作,充分創(chuàng)造機(jī)會(huì)讓同學(xué)們都擁有成功的喜悅,在和諧的氛圍中探究并完成教學(xué)任務(wù)。
三、說(shuō)教學(xué)方法
新課程提倡運(yùn)用任務(wù)型教學(xué)途徑,圍繞核心問(wèn)題,設(shè)定小任務(wù);圍繞文章內(nèi)容,盡可能提供訓(xùn)練學(xué)生技能的機(jī)會(huì);開(kāi)展自主性學(xué)習(xí)的課堂活動(dòng),強(qiáng)調(diào)合作探究與獨(dú)立思考相結(jié)合。任務(wù)型教學(xué):任務(wù)型教學(xué)強(qiáng)調(diào)語(yǔ)言學(xué)習(xí)應(yīng)該是在“做中學(xué)”“用中學(xué)”。任務(wù)設(shè)計(jì)應(yīng)該貼近學(xué)習(xí)者的生活,才能激發(fā)學(xué)習(xí)者的背景知識(shí),激發(fā)他們的學(xué)習(xí)的興趣,語(yǔ)言才能在經(jīng)意中習(xí)得(incidental acquisition).
這節(jié)課本人主要采用任務(wù)型教學(xué)法和活動(dòng)教學(xué)法,借助多媒體展開(kāi)教學(xué)活動(dòng)。通過(guò)運(yùn)用閱讀技巧,如查讀等方式提高閱讀能力,從而使學(xué)生掌握閱讀策略,同時(shí)圍繞文章設(shè)計(jì)多種語(yǔ)言活動(dòng),以自主合作等多種形式,引導(dǎo)學(xué)生根據(jù)不同的學(xué)習(xí)任務(wù)嘗試使用不同的學(xué)習(xí)策略,使良好的學(xué)習(xí)習(xí)慣得以培養(yǎng),自主學(xué)習(xí)和合作得以發(fā)展,交際能力和綜合運(yùn)用能力得以提高。
四、說(shuō)學(xué)法
通過(guò)本課教學(xué),我將主要培養(yǎng)學(xué)生掌握以下學(xué)習(xí)方法:
1.參與式學(xué)習(xí)法:培養(yǎng)他們從練中學(xué),在學(xué)中用,通過(guò)設(shè)置符合學(xué)生知識(shí)水平的活動(dòng)讓學(xué)生參與、體驗(yàn)、實(shí)踐,并從中品味在活動(dòng)中的樂(lè)趣。
2.知識(shí)遷移法:培養(yǎng)學(xué)生善于運(yùn)用所學(xué)知識(shí)來(lái)分析和解決問(wèn)題的能力。
3.合作學(xué)習(xí)法:通過(guò)小組形式完成多種活動(dòng),培養(yǎng)探究和合作意識(shí)與能力。
五、說(shuō)教學(xué)過(guò)程
step1. lead-in(brainstorming)
讓學(xué)生分成兩大組,男生一組,女生一組,進(jìn)行競(jìng)賽,使用學(xué)過(guò)的形容詞描述老師,說(shuō)出最多形容詞的小組獲勝。
t: what shall we talk about today?
s: my new teachers.
t: you have already been students for about 9 years. during the 9 years, you must have met different teachers.
could you use some adjectives to describe these teachers?
s: yes.
t: let’s play a game. i’ll divide the class into two parts. one part is boys, the other is girls. let’s see which group gets more words.
第一環(huán)節(jié):導(dǎo)入與復(fù)習(xí)。這部分起到復(fù)習(xí)舊知導(dǎo)入新知的作用。主要任務(wù)是使用學(xué)過(guò)的形容詞描述老師,既復(fù)習(xí)了上節(jié)課涉及到的詞匯,又很自然地進(jìn)入到今天主要談?wù)摰脑?huà)題。為避免學(xué)生對(duì)詞匯復(fù)習(xí)感到枯燥無(wú)味,于是采用游戲形式brainstorming完成,程度地調(diào)動(dòng)了學(xué)生的學(xué)習(xí)興趣,所以這部分也屬于激趣階段。step2: pre-reading
1.把課文中的三位教師的圖片掃描到電腦上展示給學(xué)生看,在課件中通過(guò)呈現(xiàn)照片使學(xué)生對(duì)課文中的三位老師產(chǎn)生親切感,讓學(xué)生描述著三位老師,并根據(jù)圖片猜測(cè)三位老師的個(gè)性和風(fēng)格,盡可能用學(xué)過(guò)的詞匯表達(dá)自己對(duì)三位教師的第一印象。
2.讓學(xué)生帶著reading activity1中的兩個(gè)問(wèn)題,進(jìn)行聽(tīng)力訓(xùn)練,使學(xué)生初步感知課文內(nèi)容,訓(xùn)練學(xué)生的聽(tīng)力撲捉能力,為進(jìn)一步的閱讀理解打下基礎(chǔ)。
t: talking about teachers is an interesting topic for students all the time.
now, we’ll read three compositions about three teachers written by their students. and we’ll know more about them. let’s know them first.
s: mrs li, mr wu, mrs chen.
t: first, let’s listen to the tape and try your best to answer the two questions.
1. which teachers do students like a lot?
2. who is a very good teacher but is serious and strict?
step3: while-reading
1.總體閱讀文章,只要求理解,核對(duì)聽(tīng)力中的兩個(gè)問(wèn)題的答案。
2.每個(gè)學(xué)生一邊閱讀一邊記下不懂的地方,然后兩人一組,互相幫助解決語(yǔ)言形式引起的理解問(wèn)題,如,生詞或短語(yǔ),完成課本上的ativity2&3的詞匯練習(xí)。
3.再一次閱讀,回答課文中ativity4的問(wèn)題,培養(yǎng)查讀技能。
(1) which paragraphs tell us what the teachers look like?
(2) what subjects does each teacher teach?
(3) who is the most popular teacher?
(4) who is the kindest teacher?
(5) which teacher is students most afraid of?
(6) which teachers explain things clearly?
4.全班分為三大組,每一組分別對(duì)課文進(jìn)行小結(jié),完成表格。這一活動(dòng)培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的合作精神和總結(jié)能力。利用表格進(jìn)行讀書(shū)摘記,使課文內(nèi)容化繁為簡(jiǎn),思路清晰,易于對(duì)比三位老師的個(gè)性特征和教學(xué)風(fēng)格。
name
subject
appearance
personality
examples
mrs li
mrs chen
mr wu
step4.post-reading
1.讓學(xué)生兩人一組,討論下列問(wèn)題:
which teachers do you like best, mrs li, mrs chen or mr wu? why?
2.呈現(xiàn)學(xué)生身邊任課教師的真實(shí)照片,讓學(xué)生運(yùn)用所學(xué)詞句描述自己熟悉的老師特征。讓學(xué)生四人一小組討論,然后寫(xiě)下要點(diǎn)進(jìn)行匯報(bào)。
這一環(huán)節(jié)屬于學(xué)生語(yǔ)言能力的拓展、知識(shí)的靈活運(yùn)用。通過(guò)呈現(xiàn)學(xué)生身邊任課教師的真實(shí)照片,讓學(xué)生運(yùn)用所學(xué)詞句描述自己熟悉的老師特征這一活動(dòng)聯(lián)系了學(xué)生的真實(shí)生活,學(xué)生比較感興趣,每個(gè)學(xué)生都有話(huà)要說(shuō)。通過(guò)這一活動(dòng),使學(xué)生把所學(xué)語(yǔ)言運(yùn)用于實(shí)踐當(dāng)中。
通過(guò)以上各個(gè)環(huán)節(jié)的設(shè)計(jì)與實(shí)施,從多方面強(qiáng)化語(yǔ)言技能的訓(xùn)練,全面培養(yǎng)學(xué)生的綜合英語(yǔ)能力。
step 5. homework:
write a composition about your favorite teacher.
六.板書(shū)設(shè)計(jì)
1. words describing your teacher:
team1(girls) team2(boys)
patien kind
lively popular
... …
2.利用多媒體課件展示一些圖片、閱讀理解問(wèn)題和讀書(shū)摘記表格。
高三英語(yǔ)教案篇4
高三英語(yǔ)復(fù)習(xí)教案與訓(xùn)練三--代詞
3. 代詞
代詞是代替名詞的詞類(lèi)。大多數(shù)代詞具有名詞和形容詞的功能。英語(yǔ)中的代詞,按其意義、特征及在句中的作用分為:人稱(chēng)代詞、物主代詞、指示代詞、自身代詞、相互代詞、疑問(wèn)代詞、關(guān)系代詞和不定代詞八種。
一、人稱(chēng)代詞是表示“我”、“你”、“他”、“她”、“它”、“我們”、“你們”、“他們”的詞。人稱(chēng)代詞有人稱(chēng)、數(shù)和格的變化,見(jiàn)下表:
數(shù) 單數(shù) 復(fù)數(shù)
格 主格 賓格 主格 賓格
第一人稱(chēng) i me we us
第二人稱(chēng) you you you you
第三人稱(chēng) he him they them
she her they them
it it they them
例如:he is my friend. 他是我的朋友。
it's me. 是我。
二、 物主代詞是表示所有關(guān)系的代詞,也可叫做代詞所有格。物主代詞分形容性物主代詞和名詞性物主代詞兩種,其人物和數(shù)的變化見(jiàn)下表。
數(shù) 單數(shù) 復(fù)數(shù)
人稱(chēng) 第一人稱(chēng) 第二人稱(chēng) 第三人稱(chēng) 第一人稱(chēng) 第二人稱(chēng) 第三人稱(chēng)
形容詞性物主代詞 my your his/her/its our your their
名詞性物主代詞 mine yours his/hers/its ours yours theirs
例如: i like his car. 我喜歡他的小汽車(chē)。
our school is here,and theirs is there. 我們的學(xué)校在這兒,他們的在那兒。
三、 指示代詞表示“那個(gè)”、“這個(gè)”、“這些”、“那些”等指示概念的代詞。指示代詞有this,that,these,those等。
例如:that is a good idea. 那是個(gè)好主意。
四、 表示“我自己”、“你自己”、“他自己”、“我們自己”、“你們自己”和“他們自己”等的代詞,叫做自身代詞,也稱(chēng)為
“反身代詞”。
例如:she was talking to herself. 她自言自語(yǔ)。
五、 表示相互關(guān)系的代詞叫相互代詞,有each other 和one another兩組,但在運(yùn)用中,這兩組詞沒(méi)什么大的區(qū)別。
例如:they love each other. 他們彼此相愛(ài)。
六、 不是指明代替任何特定名詞的代詞叫做不定代詞。常見(jiàn)的不定代詞有a11,both,each,every等,以及含有some-,any-,no-等的合成代詞,如anybody, something,no one。這些不定代詞大都可以代替名詞和形容詞,在句中作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ),但none和由some,any,no等構(gòu)成的復(fù)合不定代詞只能作主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)或表語(yǔ);every和no只能作定語(yǔ)。
例如:--- do you have a car? --你有一輛小汽車(chē)嗎?
--- yes,i have one. --是的,我有一輛。
--- i don't know any of them. 他們,我一個(gè)也不認(rèn)識(shí)。
七、 疑問(wèn)代詞有who,whom,whose,what和which等。在句子中用來(lái)構(gòu)成特殊疑問(wèn)句。疑問(wèn)代詞都可用作連接代詞,引導(dǎo)名詞性從句(主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句和表語(yǔ)從句)
例如:tell me who he is. 告訴我他是誰(shuí)。
八、 關(guān)系代詞有who,whom,whose,that,which,as等,可用作引導(dǎo)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞。它們?cè)诙ㄕZ(yǔ)從句中可作主語(yǔ)、
表語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)等;另一方面它們又代表主句中為定語(yǔ)從句所修飾的那個(gè)名詞或代詞(先行詞)。
例如:he is the man whom you have been looking for. 他就是你要找的那個(gè)人。
3.1 人稱(chēng)代詞的用法
1)人稱(chēng)代詞的主格在句子中作主語(yǔ)或主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)。例如:
john waited a while but eventually he went home. 約翰等了一會(huì)兒,最后他回家了。
john hoped the passenger would be mary and indeed it was she. 約翰希望那位乘客是瑪麗,還真是她。
說(shuō)明:在復(fù)合句中,如果主句和從句主語(yǔ)相同,代詞主語(yǔ)要用在從句中,名詞主語(yǔ)用在主句中。例如:
when he arrived, john went straight to the bank. 約翰一到就直接去銀行了。
2)人稱(chēng)代詞的賓格在句子中作賓語(yǔ)或介詞賓語(yǔ),但在口語(yǔ)中也能作主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ),第一人稱(chēng)在省略句中,還可以作主語(yǔ)。
例如: i saw her with them, at least, i thought it was her. 我看到她和他們?cè)谝黄穑辽傥艺J(rèn)為是她。(her做賓語(yǔ),them做介詞賓語(yǔ),her做主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ))
a. -- who broke the vase? --誰(shuí)打碎了花瓶?
b. -- me. --我。(me做主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)= it's me.)
說(shuō)明:在上面兩例句中,her和me分別作主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)?,F(xiàn)代英語(yǔ)中多用賓格,在正式文體中這里應(yīng)為she和i。
3.2 人稱(chēng)代詞之主、賓格的替換
1) 賓格代替主格
a.在簡(jiǎn)短對(duì)話(huà)中,當(dāng)人稱(chēng)代詞單獨(dú)使用或在not 后,多用賓語(yǔ)。
---- i like english. --我喜歡英語(yǔ)。
---- me too. --我也喜歡。
---- have more wine? --再來(lái)點(diǎn)酒喝嗎?
---- not me. --我可不要了。
b.在表示比較的非正式的文體中,常用賓格代替主格。 但如果比較狀語(yǔ)的謂語(yǔ)保留,則主語(yǔ)只能用主格。
he is taller than i/me.
he is taller than i am.
2) 主格代替賓格
a. 在介詞but,except 后,有時(shí)可用主格代替賓格。
b. 在電話(huà)用語(yǔ)中常用主格。
---- i wish to speak to mary. --我想和瑪麗通話(huà)。
---- this is she. --我就是瑪麗。
注意:在動(dòng)詞be 或to be 后的人稱(chēng)代詞視其前面的名詞或代詞而定。
i thought it was she. 我以為是她。(主格----主格)
i thought it to be her. (賓格----賓格)
i was taken to be she. 我被當(dāng)成了她。 (主格----主格)
they took me to be her. 他們把我當(dāng)成了她。 (賓格----賓格)
3.3 代詞的指代問(wèn)題
1)不定代詞 anybody,everybody,nobody,anyone, someone, everyone,no one, 及whoever和person在正式場(chǎng)合使用時(shí),可用he, his, him代替。
例如: nobody came, did he? 誰(shuí)也沒(méi)來(lái),是嗎?
2)動(dòng)物名詞的指代一般用it或they代替,有時(shí)也用he, she,帶有親切的感情色彩。
例如: give the cat some food. she is hungry. 給這貓一些吃的。她餓了。
3)指代車(chē)或國(guó)家,船舶的名詞,含感情色彩時(shí)常用she。
3.4 并列人稱(chēng)代詞的排列順序
1)單數(shù)人稱(chēng)代詞并列作主語(yǔ)時(shí),其順序?yàn)椋旱诙朔Q(chēng)-> 第三人稱(chēng) -> 第一人稱(chēng),即you-> he/she; it -> i。
例如:you, he and i should return on time.
2) 復(fù)數(shù)人稱(chēng)代詞作主語(yǔ)時(shí),其順序?yàn)椋旱谝蝗朔Q(chēng) -> 第二人稱(chēng) -> 第三人稱(chēng),即we ->you->they。
注意: 在下列情況中,第一人稱(chēng)放在前面。
a. 在承認(rèn)錯(cuò)誤,承擔(dān)責(zé)任時(shí),
it was i and john that made her angry. 是我和約翰惹她生氣了。
b. 在長(zhǎng)輩對(duì)晚輩,長(zhǎng)官對(duì)下屬說(shuō)話(huà)時(shí),如長(zhǎng)官為第一人稱(chēng),
如:i and you try to finish it. 我和你去弄好它。
c. 并列主語(yǔ)只有第一人稱(chēng)和第三人稱(chēng)時(shí)。
d. 當(dāng)其他人稱(chēng)代詞或名詞被定語(yǔ)從句修飾時(shí)。
3.5 物主代詞
1)物主代詞既有表示所屬的作用又有指代作用。例如:
john had cut his finger; apparently there was a broken glass on his desk.
約翰割破了手指,顯而易見(jiàn),他桌子上有個(gè)破玻璃杯。
物主代詞有形容詞性(my, your等)和名詞性(mine, yours等)兩種,形容詞性的物主代詞屬于限定詞。名詞性的物主代詞在用法上相當(dāng)于省略了中心名詞的--'s屬格結(jié)構(gòu)。例如:
jack's cap 意為the cap is jack's。
his cap 意為the cap is his。
2) 名詞性物主代詞的句法功能
a. 作主語(yǔ)。例如:
may i use your pen? yours works better. 我可以用一用你的鋼筆嗎?你的比我的好用。
b. 作賓語(yǔ)。例如:
i love my motherland as much as you love yours. 我深?lèi)?ài)我的祖國(guó)就像你深?lèi)?ài)你的祖國(guó)一樣。
c. 作介詞賓語(yǔ)。例如:
your should interpret what i said in my sense of the word, not in yours.
你應(yīng)當(dāng)按我所用的詞義去解釋我說(shuō)的話(huà),而不能按你自己的去解釋。
d. 作主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)。例如:
the life i have is yours. it's yours. it's yours. 我的生命屬于你,屬于你,屬于你。
3.6 雙重所有格
物主代詞不可與 a, an, this, that, these, those, some, any, several, no, each, every, such, another, which等詞一起前置,修飾一個(gè)名詞,而必須用雙重所有格。公式為:a, an, this, that +名詞+of +名詞性物主代詞。例如:a friend of mine, each brother of his.
3.7 .反身代詞
1) 1) 列表
數(shù) 單數(shù) 復(fù)數(shù)
人稱(chēng) 第一人稱(chēng) 第二人稱(chēng) 第三人稱(chēng) 第一人稱(chēng) 第二人稱(chēng) 第三人稱(chēng)
人稱(chēng)代詞 i you he/she/it we you they
反身代詞 myself yourself yourself/herself/himself ourselves yourselves themselves
另外:one的反身代詞為oneself
2)做賓語(yǔ)
a. 有些動(dòng)詞需有反身代詞,如absent, bathe, amuse, blame, dry, cut, enjoy, hurt, introduce, behave等。例如:
we enjoyed ourselves very much last night. 我們昨晚玩得很開(kāi)心。
please help yourself to some fish. 請(qǐng)你隨便吃點(diǎn)魚(yú)。
b. 用于及物動(dòng)詞+賓語(yǔ)+介詞,如take pride in, be annoyed with, help oneself to sth等。例如:
i could not dress(myself)up at that time. 那個(gè)時(shí)候我不能打扮我自己。
注:有些動(dòng)詞后不跟反身代詞,如:get up, sit-down, stand up, wake up等。例如:
please sit down. 請(qǐng)坐。
3) 用作表語(yǔ),如結(jié)構(gòu)be oneself。例如:
i am not myself today. 我今天不舒服。
4) 用作同位語(yǔ)
the thing itself is not important. 事情本身并不重要。
5) 在不強(qiáng)調(diào)的情況下,but, except, for 等介詞后賓語(yǔ)用反身代詞或人稱(chēng)代詞賓格均可。如:no one but myself(me)is hurt.
注意:
a. 反身代詞本身不能單獨(dú)作主語(yǔ)。
(錯(cuò)) myself drove the car.
(對(duì)) i myself drove the car. 我自己開(kāi)車(chē)。
b. 但在and, or, nor連接的并列主語(yǔ)中,第二個(gè)主語(yǔ)可用反身代詞,特別是myself 作主語(yǔ)。例如:
charles and myself saw it. 查爾斯和我看見(jiàn)了這件事。
3.8 相互代詞
1)相互代詞只有each other和one another兩個(gè)詞組。他們表示句中動(dòng)詞所敘述的動(dòng)作或感覺(jué)在涉及的各個(gè)對(duì)象之間是相互存在的。例如:
it is easy to see that the people of different cultures have always copied each other.
顯而易見(jiàn),不同文化的人總是相互借鑒的。
2)相互代詞的句法功能:
a. 作動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ);
people should love one another. 人們應(yīng)當(dāng)彼此相愛(ài)。
b. 可作介詞賓語(yǔ);
does bark, cocks crow, frogs croak to each other. 吠、雞鳴、蛙兒對(duì)唱。
說(shuō)明:傳統(tǒng)語(yǔ)法認(rèn)為,相互關(guān)系存在于兩個(gè)人或物之間用each other, 存在于兩個(gè)以上人和物之間用one another。現(xiàn)代英語(yǔ)中,兩組詞交替使用的實(shí)例也很多。例如:
he put all the books beside each other/one another. 他把所有書(shū)并列擺放起來(lái)。
usually these small groups were independent of each other. 這些小團(tuán)體通常是相互獨(dú)立的。
c. 相互代詞可加-'s構(gòu)成所有格。例如:
the students borrowed each other's notes. 學(xué)生們互借筆記。
3.9 指示代詞
1) 指示代詞分單數(shù)(this / that)和復(fù)數(shù)(these / those)兩種形式,既可作限定詞又可做代詞。例如:
單數(shù) 復(fù)數(shù)
限定詞 this girl is mary. those men are my teachers.
代詞 this is mary. those are my teachers.
2) 指示代詞的句法功能;
a. 作主語(yǔ)。例如:
this is the way to do it. 這事兒就該這樣做。
b. 作賓語(yǔ)。例如:
i like this better than that. 我喜歡這個(gè)甚至那個(gè)。
c. 作主語(yǔ)補(bǔ)語(yǔ)。例如:
my point is this. 我的觀點(diǎn)就是如此。
d. 作介詞賓語(yǔ)。例如:
i don't say no to that. 我并未拒絕那個(gè)。
there is no fear of that. 那并不可怕。
說(shuō)明1:指示代詞在作主語(yǔ)時(shí)可指物也可指人,但作其他句子成分時(shí)只能指物,不能指人。例如:
(對(duì))that is my teacher. 那是我的老師。(that作主語(yǔ),指人)
(對(duì))he is going to marry this girl. 他要和這個(gè)姑娘結(jié)婚。(this作限定詞)
(錯(cuò))he is going to marry this. (this作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)不能指人)
(對(duì))i bought this. 我買(mǎi)這個(gè)。(this指物,可作賓語(yǔ))
說(shuō)明2:that和those可作定語(yǔ)從句的先行詞,但this和 these不能,同時(shí),在作先行詞時(shí),只有those可指人,試比較:
(對(duì)) he admired that which looked beautiful. 他贊賞外表漂亮的東西。
(對(duì)) he admired those who looked beautiful. 他贊賞那些外表漂亮的人。(those指人)
(錯(cuò)) he admired that who danced well. (that作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)不能指人)
(對(duì)) he admired those who danced well. 他贊賞跳舞好的人。(those指人)
(對(duì)) he admired those which looked beautiful. 他贊賞那些外表漂亮的東西。(those指物)
3.10 疑問(wèn)代詞
1) 疑問(wèn)代詞在句中起名詞詞組的作用,用來(lái)構(gòu)成疑問(wèn)句。疑問(wèn)代詞有下列幾個(gè):
指人: who, whom, whose
指物: what
既可指人又可指物: which
2) 疑問(wèn)代詞在句中應(yīng)位于謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞之前,沒(méi)有性和數(shù)的變化,除who之外也沒(méi)有格的變化。what, which, whose還可作限定詞。試比較:
疑問(wèn)代詞:whose are these books on the desk? 桌上的書(shū)是誰(shuí)的?
what was the directional flow of u. s. territorial expansion? 美國(guó)的領(lǐng)土擴(kuò)張是朝哪個(gè)方向的?
限定詞:whose books are these on the desk? 桌上的書(shū)是誰(shuí)的?
what events led to most of the east of the mississippi river becoming part of the united states?
哪些事件使密西西比河以東的大部分土地歸屬于美國(guó)?
說(shuō)明1:無(wú)論是做疑問(wèn)代詞還是限定詞,which 和 what 所指的范圍不同。what所指的范圍是無(wú)限的,而which則指在一定的范圍內(nèi)。例如:
which girls do you like best? 你喜歡哪幾個(gè)姑娘?
what girls do you like best? 你喜歡什么樣的姑娘?
說(shuō)明2:whom是who的賓格,在書(shū)面語(yǔ)中,它作動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ)或介詞賓語(yǔ),在口語(yǔ)中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí),可用who代替,但在介詞后只能用whom, 例如:
who(m)did you meet on the street? 你在街上遇到了誰(shuí)?(作動(dòng)詞賓語(yǔ))
who(m) are you taking the book to? 你要把這書(shū)帶給誰(shuí)?(作介詞賓語(yǔ),置句首)
to whom did you speak on the campus? 你在校園里和誰(shuí)講話(huà)了?(作介詞賓語(yǔ),置介詞后,不能用who取代。)
說(shuō)明3: 疑問(wèn)代詞用于對(duì)介詞賓語(yǔ)提問(wèn)時(shí),過(guò)去的文體中介詞和疑問(wèn)代詞通常一起放在句首,現(xiàn)代英語(yǔ)中,疑問(wèn)代詞在句首,介詞在句末。例如:
for what do most people live and work? 大部分人生活和工作的目的是什么?(舊文體)
what are you looking for? 你在找什么?(現(xiàn)代英語(yǔ))
說(shuō)明4: 疑問(wèn)代詞還可引導(dǎo)名詞性從句。例如:
i can't make out what he is driving at. 我不知道他用意何在。
can you tell me whose is the blue shirt on the bed? 你能告訴我床上的藍(lán)襯衣是誰(shuí)的嗎?
much of what you say i agree with, but i cannot go all the way with you.
你說(shuō)的我大部分同意,但并不完全贊同。
3.11. 關(guān)系代詞
1) 關(guān)系代詞用來(lái)引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句。它代表先行詞,同時(shí)在從句中作一定的句子成分。例如:
the girl to whom i spoke is my cousin. 跟我講話(huà)的姑娘是我表妹。
該句中whom既代表先行詞the girl,又在從句中作介詞to的賓語(yǔ)。
2) 關(guān)系代詞有主格,賓格和屬格之分,并有指人與指物之分。在限定性定語(yǔ)從句中,that 可指人也可指物,見(jiàn)表:
指人 指物 指人或指物
主 格 who which that
賓 格 whom that that
屬 格 whose of which/whose of which/whose
例如:this is the pencil whose point is broken. 這就是那枝折了尖的鉛筆。(whose 指物,在限定性定語(yǔ)從句中作定語(yǔ))
he came back for the book which he had forgotten. 他回來(lái)取他丟下的書(shū)。(which指物,在限定性定語(yǔ)從句中作賓語(yǔ),可以省略)
說(shuō)明:非限定性定語(yǔ)從句中,不能用that作關(guān)系代詞。
3) 關(guān)系代詞which的先行詞可以是一個(gè)句子。例如:
he said he saw me there, which was a lie. 他說(shuō)在那兒看到了我,純屬謊言。
說(shuō)明: 關(guān)系代詞在從句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可以省略。另外,關(guān)系代詞that在從句中作表語(yǔ)時(shí)也可省略,例如:
i've forgotten much of the latin i once knew. 我過(guò)去懂拉丁語(yǔ),現(xiàn)在大都忘了。
he's changed. he's not the man he was. 他變化很大,已不是過(guò)去的他了。
3.12 every , no, all, both, neither, nor
1)不定代詞有all , both, every, each, either, neither, more, little, few, much, many, another, other, some, any , one, no 以及some, something, anything, everything, somebody, someone, anybody, anyone, nothing , nobody, no one, none, everybody, everyone.等。
2)不定代詞的功能與用法
a. 除every 和no外不定代詞既可用作名詞,也可用作形容詞。every和no在句中只能作定語(yǔ)。例如:
i have no idea about it. 我不知該咋辦。
b. all 都,指三者以上。all 的主謂一致:all的單復(fù)數(shù)由它所修飾或指代的名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)決定。例如:
all goes well. 一切進(jìn)展得很好。
all 通常不與可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)連用,如:不說(shuō) all the book,而說(shuō) the whole book。
但all可與表時(shí)間的可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)連用,如 all day,all night,all the year;但習(xí)慣上不說(shuō) all hour,all century。
all還可以與一些特殊的單數(shù)名詞連用,如 all china,all the city,all my life,all the way
3)both 都,指兩者。
a. both 與復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞連用,但 both… and…可與單數(shù)名詞連用。
b. both, all 都可作同位語(yǔ),其位置在行為動(dòng)詞前, be 動(dòng)詞之后。如果助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后面的實(shí)義動(dòng)詞省去,則位于助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞之前。例如:
who can speak japanese? 誰(shuí)能講日本話(huà)?
we both(all)can. 我們都不會(huì)。
4)neither 兩者都不
a. neither作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。
b. 作定語(yǔ)與單數(shù)名詞連用,但neither… nor 用作并列連詞,可與復(fù)數(shù)名詞連用。其謂語(yǔ)采用就近原則。
c. 可用于下列句型,避免重復(fù)。例如:
she can't sing,neither(can)he. 她不會(huì)唱歌,他也不會(huì)。
5)neither 與nor 的比較
a. 如前句是否定式從句,則主句用neither,而不用 nor。例如:
if you don't do it,neither should i. 如果你不干,我也不干。
b. 如后連續(xù)有幾個(gè)否定句式,則用nor,不用neither。例如:
he can't sing,nor dance,nor skate. 他不會(huì)唱歌,不會(huì)跳舞,也不會(huì)滑冰。
3.13 none, few, some, any, one, ones
一、 none 無(wú)
1) none作主語(yǔ),多與of 構(gòu)成短語(yǔ) none of。 在答語(yǔ)中,none可單獨(dú)使用。例如:
are there any pictures on the wall? 墻上有畫(huà)嗎?
none. 沒(méi)。
2) none作主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞單復(fù)數(shù)均可。但如做表語(yǔ),則其單復(fù)數(shù)與表語(yǔ)一致。例如:
it is none of your business. 閑事莫管。
二、few 一些,少數(shù)
few 作主語(yǔ)時(shí),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù),多用于肯定句。
三、some 一些
1) 可與復(fù)數(shù)名詞及不可數(shù)名詞連用。
2) 當(dāng)做“某一”解時(shí),也可與單數(shù)名詞連用。(= a certain)
you will be sorry for this some day. 總有一天,你會(huì)為此后悔的。
a certain (some) person has seen you break the rule. 有些人不同意你的看法。
注意:
(1)在肯定疑問(wèn)句中用some代替any。
(2)some用于其他句式中:
a.肯定疑問(wèn)句中:說(shuō)話(huà)人認(rèn)為對(duì)方的答案會(huì)是肯定的,或期望得到肯定回答時(shí)。
would you like句式中,表委婉請(qǐng)求或建議。例如:
would you like some coffee? 喝咖啡嗎?
b.在條件狀語(yǔ)從句中表示確定的意義時(shí)。例如:
if you need some help,let me know. 需要幫助,跟我說(shuō)。
c.some位于主語(yǔ)部分。例如:
some students haven't been there before. 有些學(xué)生沒(méi)去過(guò)那兒。
d.當(dāng)否定的是整體中的部分時(shí),some可用于否定句。例如:
i haven't heard from some of my old friends these years. 這些年我沒(méi)有收到一些老朋友的信。
四、any 一些
1) any 多用于否定句和疑問(wèn)句和條件狀語(yǔ)從句中。
當(dāng)句中含有任何的意思時(shí),any可用于肯定句。
here are three novels. you may read any. 這有三本小說(shuō),你可任讀一本。
五、one, 復(fù)數(shù)形式為ones
ones必須和形容詞連用。如果替代的名詞時(shí)無(wú)形容詞在前,則用some, any,而不用ones。例如:
have you bought any rulers? 買(mǎi)尺了嗎?
yes, i 've bought some. 買(mǎi)了,買(mǎi)了幾把。
3.14 one,that 和it
one表示泛指,that和it 表示特指。that與所指名詞為同類(lèi),但不是同一個(gè),而it 與所指名詞為同一個(gè)。例如:
i can't find my hat. i think i must buy one.(不定)我找不到我的帽子了。我想我該去買(mǎi)一頂。
the hat you bought is bigger than that i bought.(同類(lèi)但不同個(gè))你買(mǎi)的那頂帽子比我買(mǎi)的大。
i can't find my hat. i don' t know where i put it.( 同一物)我找不到我的帽子。我不知道我把它放在哪了。
3.15 one/another/the other
one… the other 只有兩個(gè)
some… the others 有三個(gè)以上
one… another,another…
some… others,others…
others = other people/things
the others = the rest 剩余的全部
1) 泛指另一個(gè)用another。
2) 一定范圍內(nèi)兩人(物),一個(gè)用one,另一個(gè)用the other。
3) 一定范圍內(nèi)三者,一個(gè)用one,另一個(gè)用one (another),第三個(gè)可用the other,a third。
4) 一定范圍內(nèi),除去一部分人/物,剩余的全部用the others。
5) 泛指別的人或物時(shí),用others當(dāng)在一定范圍內(nèi),除去一部分后,剩余部分但不是全部時(shí),也用others。
3.16 “the”的妙用
he is one of the students who help me.
he is the one of the students who helps me. 他是幫我的學(xué)生之一。
第一句定語(yǔ)從句與the students 一致。
第二句定語(yǔ)從句與the one 一致。
3.17 anyone/any one;no one/none;every/each
1.a(chǎn)nyone 和 any one
anyone僅指人,any one既可指人,也可指物。
2.no one 和none
a) none 后跟of短語(yǔ),既可指人又可指物,而no one只單獨(dú)使用,只指人。
b) none 作主語(yǔ),謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單,復(fù)數(shù)均可,而no one作主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞只能是單數(shù)。例如:
none of you could lift it. 你們中沒(méi)有人可舉起它。
---- did any one call me up just now? --剛才有人打電話(huà)給我嗎?
---- no one.--沒(méi)有。
3.every 和each
1) every 強(qiáng)調(diào)全體的概念, each強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)體概念。例如:
every student in our school works hard. 我們學(xué)校的學(xué)生都很用功。
each student may have one book.. 每個(gè)學(xué)生都可有一本書(shū)。
2) every 指三個(gè)以上的人或物(含三個(gè)),each指兩個(gè)以上的人或物 (含兩個(gè))。
3) every 只作形容詞,不可單獨(dú)使用。each可作代詞或形容詞。例如:
every boy has to take one. 每個(gè)男孩必須取一個(gè)。
each boy has to take one.
each of the boys has to take one.
4) every不可以作狀語(yǔ),each可作狀語(yǔ)。
5) every 有反復(fù)重復(fù)的意思,如 every two weeks等; each沒(méi)有。
6) every 與not 連用,表示部分否定; each 和not連用表示全部否定。例如:
every man is not honest. 并非每個(gè)人都誠(chéng)實(shí)。
each man is not honest. 這兒每個(gè)人都不誠(chéng)實(shí)。
3.18 both, either, neither, all, any, none
這些詞都可用作代詞或形容詞。其位置都在be 動(dòng)詞之后,行為動(dòng)詞之前或第一個(gè)助動(dòng)詞之后。
1) both (兩者都),either(兩者中任何一個(gè)),neither (兩者都不)。以上詞使用范圍為兩個(gè)人或物。例如:
neither of the two boys is clever. 兩個(gè)男孩都不聰明。
2) both,either
both與復(fù)數(shù)連用,either與單數(shù)連用。例如:
both the boys are clever. 兩個(gè)男孩都很聰明。
either of the two boys is clever.
there are flowers on both sides of the street. 路邊長(zhǎng)滿(mǎn)了野花。
there are flowers on either side of the street.
3) all (所有的,全部的人或物),any (任何一個(gè)), none (都不)。 以上詞使用范圍為三者以上。例如:
all the flowers are gone. 所有的花都謝了。
i don't like any of the flowers. 這些花我都不喜歡。
i like none of the flowers. 這些花我都不喜歡。
注意:all與none用法一樣。跟單數(shù)名詞,用單數(shù)動(dòng)詞;跟復(fù)數(shù)名詞,用復(fù)數(shù)動(dòng)詞。例如:
all of the students are there. 所有的學(xué)生都在那。
all (of) the milk is there. 所有的牛奶都在那。
3.19 many, much
many,much都意為“許多”, many + 可數(shù)名詞,much + 不可數(shù)名詞。例如:
how many people are there at the meeting? 多少人出席了會(huì)議。
how much time has we left? 還剩多少時(shí)間?
many of the workers were at the meeting.許多工人在開(kāi)會(huì)。
much of the time was spent on learning.學(xué)習(xí)上化了許多時(shí)間。
3.20 few, little, a few, a little
(a) few + 可數(shù)名詞, (a) little + 不可數(shù)名詞
a few / a little 為肯定含義,還有一點(diǎn)
few / little 為否定含義,沒(méi)有多少了。例如:
he has a few friends. 他有幾個(gè)朋友。
he has few friends. 他幾乎沒(méi)有朋友。
we still have a little time. 我們還有點(diǎn)時(shí)間。
there is little time left. 幾乎沒(méi)剩下什么時(shí)間了。
固定搭配:only a few (=few) not a few (=many) quite a few (=many) many a (=many)。例如:
many books were sold.
many a book was sold. 賣(mài)出了許多書(shū)。
典型例題:
although he 's wealthy,he spends___ on clothes.
a. little b. few c. a little d. a few
答案: a. spend所指的是錢(qián),不可數(shù),只能用little或 a little. 本句為although引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句,由句意知后句為否定含義,因此應(yīng)用little表示幾乎不。
3.21 代詞練習(xí)
1.there are several pretty girls standing under the tree, but ______ are known to me.
a. neither b. none c. no one d. all
2.in one year rats eat 40 to 50 times ______ weight.
a. its b. and c. their d. theirs
3.you’d better continue to use the same spelling of your name as ______ you used in your application.
a. one b. the one c. any d. some one
4.the little baby was left alone, with ______ to look after it.
a. someone b. anyone c. not one d. no one
5.john can play chess better than ______ else.
a. the one b. no one c. any one d. another
6.the weight of something is another way of describing the amount of force exerted on ______ by gravity.
a. it b. them c. that d. one
7.it is one thing to enjoy listening to good music, but it is quite ______ to perform skillfully yourself.
a. other b. another c. some d. any
8.children should be taught how to get along with ______.
a. another b. other c. others d. any other
9.the poor man lived on wild berries and roots because they had ______ to eat.
a. nothing else b. anything else c. something other d. nothing other
10.i go to the cinema ______ day, tuesdays, thursdays, and saturdays.
a. each other b. every other c. this and the other d. all other
11.one of the properties of light is ______ traveling in wave form as it goes from one place to another.
a. it b. it’s c. its d. their
12.______ in the world has been asked to do his duty for the human society.
a. each of the tramps b. every of the tramps c. the each tramp d. the every tramp
13.in some restaurants, food and service are worse than ______ used to be.
a. they b. it c. them d. that
14.let the porter take all the baggage out and put ______ in the lobby.
a.it b. they c. them d. its
15.everyone who comes to the party is given a wooden apple with _____ own names cut in it as a souvenir.
a. his b. her c. their d. our
16.everybody in the class must give in ______ exercise book within the given time.
a. their b. our c. his d. her
17.during the journey, the boys and girls entertained ______ with songs and games.
a. themselves b. theirselves c. himself d. itself
18.you’d better buy ______ some fruits when you go on a trip.
a. youself b. myself c. yourself d. you
19.the boys in this town like to bully ______.
a. one another b. one and other c. each other d. one and the other
20.one common family name is black,______ is anderson.
a. another b. the other c. others d. none other
21.i have two novels: one of the two is “gone with the wind’, and ______ is “the tale of two cities’.
a. another b. other c. none other d. the other
22.all girls wear beautiful clothes. some are dressed in red;______ in green.
a. other b. another c. others d. none other
23.she can’t seem to help herself. and ______ can help her, either.
a. none else b. no one else c. not any d. somebody else
24.children can usually dress ______ by the age of five.
a. him b. them c. hiself d. themselves
25.the gold watch had belonged to me for years, but the police refused to believe it was ______.
a. me b. my c. mine d. i’s
26.mother would not let mary and ______ attend the hockey game.
a. i b. my c. me d. we
27.in a news conference this afternoon, the university announced that ______ intends to make several important changes in next year’s budget.
a. he b. it c. she d. they
28.______ but a fool can make such a mistake.
a. everyone b. no other c. not all d. none
29.the poem by browning is so observed that i cannot grasp ______ meaning.
a. its b. it’s c. their d. that
30.the mayor felt that the police, in spite of the reports, had done ______ best.
a. its b. their c. his d. our
31.i haven’t read ______ of the last four chapters, so i know little about them.
a. anything b. any c. some d. something
32.a pretty face may win friends but it takes character and personality to hold ______.
a. it b. them c. that d. one
33.in the discussion, one speaker held that, since we live in a money-oriented society, the average individual cares little about solving ______.
a. anyone else’s problems b. anyone’s else problems
b. anyone else problems d. problems of anyone else
34.i don’t know whether small oranges are sweeter than big ______.
a. those b. ones c. one d. that
35.‘how much water is left in the bottle?’ ‘______’
a. nothing b. none c. not some d. not one
36.it took two of them to do the work that ______ of us could do.
a. someone b. anyone c. any one d. everyone
37.he has five children, and ______ of them is good at painting.
a. everyone b. everybody d. every one d. every
38.i have three brothers,______ are in beijing.
a. no one of them b. neither of them c. some of them d. none of them
39.some of my students study a lot,______ just don’t care.
a. anothers b. the other c. some other d. others
40.as a matter of fact, saudi arabia’s oil reserves are second only to ______.
a. kuweit b. that of kuweit c. kuweits’s d. those of kuweit
41.this book of _______ used to be one of the best sellers in the shop.
a. his b. him c. that man d. this
42.we should always keep ______ well-informed of the changing information.
a. us b. ours c. ourselves d. we
43.the climate here is often said to be similar to ______.
a. japan b. one of japan c. that of japan d. in japan
44.hunted by constant fear of arrest, the thief ______ to the police at last.
a. gave it up b. gave up himself c. gave him up d. gave himself up
45.______ of the boys in the class who have passed the test is to receive certificates.
a. every b. every one c. any d. anyone
46.do you believe that she has blamed us for the accident, especially ______?
a. you and me b. you and i c. i and you d. me and you
47.of those who graduated with ______,ellen is the only one who has found a good job.
a. betty and he b. he and betty c. betty and him d. him and betty
48.he is surprised by ______ having to pay for the accident.
a. you b. yours c. your d. your’s
49.this is a left hand glove and that is ______.
a. other b. the other one c. other one d. another
50.add those examples to ______ you have already noted.
a. one b. the one c. one d. the ones
51.have you got a ticket? yes, i’ve got ______.
a. it b. the one c. one d. the ones
52.there’s the doorbell; i hope ______ tom.
a. its b. it’s c. is d. he’s
53.it’s cheaper to buy old furniture than to have new ______ made.
a. one b. ones c. furniture d. furnitures
54.those of us who are over fifty years old should get ______ blood pressure checked regularly.
a. their b. their’s c. our d. ours
55.every man and woman eighteen years of age or older is eligible to vote for the candidate of ______.
a. his choice b. their choice c. the choice of him d. the choice of theirs
56.i bite my nails. i must break ______.
a. the habit of me b. the habit with myself c. myself of the habit d. of the habit myself
57.______ of them shared my opinions, so we have ______ in common to discuss.
a. nobody/a little b. few/little c. a few/little d. none/many
58.when science, business and art learn something of ______ methods and goals, the world will have come closer to cultural harmony.
a. one and the other’s b. each and the other’s
c. one another’s d. the one’s and the other’s
59.the boy is ______ of a musician.
a. anyone b. anything c. someone d. something
60.for ______ interested in nature, the club offers hikes and overnight camping each week during the summer.
a. them b. whom c. themselves d. those
61.the use of radar as well as the two-way radio ______ for the police to intercept most speeders.
a. make it possible b. makes it possible c. makes possible d. make it a possibility
62.the family never agree about ______ shares of the property.
a. her b. its c. their d. his
63.the flock of geese was flying through the sky in perfect formation following ______ leader.
a. its b. their c. his d. her
64.when jonathan went to spain with his sister, he bought a leather coat for her and another for ______.
a. him b. himself c. he d. his
65.those of us who wear glasses should have ______ eyes examined at regular intervals.
a. their b. our c. his d. her
66.frank admired his friends tom and david. he imitated ______.
a. theirs every action b. every action of theirs c. every of their action d. every action of their one
67.my desk is ______.
a. between his b. between his one c. beside his one d. beside his
68.“may i speak to iris?”
“this is ______ speaking.”
a. she b. hers’s c. hers d. her
69.mary is the landlady ______.
a. from who we rent the flat b. from whom we rent the flat
c. whom we rent the flat d. who we rent the flat
70.give the message to ______ is at the table.
a. whomever b. whosever c. whatever d. whoever
71.it was through experimentation ______ people found out he behavior of electricity.
a. that b. which c. / d. the
72.______ nat turner who led a revolt against slavery in virginia in 1831.
a. where was b. it was c. he was d. it was him
73.it wasn’t ______ telephoned me.
a. he whom b. him whom c. he who d . his who
74.it was ______ he bought the magazine.
a. from a second-hand store where b. a second-hand store in which
b. in a second-hand store that d. in a second-hand store where
75.it was ______ late in the evening that the students returned to the dormitories.
a. till b. before c. when d. not until
76.it was ______ that he did not go to mount lao with us.
a. because he was ill b. as he was ill
c. since he was ill d. though he was ill
77.it was ______ that he joined the evening party.
a. finding comrade li b. found comrade li c. to find comrade li d. find comrade li
78.was it ______ she agreed to help?
a. very reluctantly so that b. very reluctantly that
c. so reluctantly that d. very reluctantly when
79.______ she gave the postcards to?
a. whom it was that b. who it was that c. who was it that d. it was who that
80.______ the camel can go for three days without food or drink?
a. that it is why b. that is it why c. why it is that d. why is it that
22.6 代詞練習(xí)答案
1 b 19 a 37 c 55 a 73 c
2 c 20 a 38 d 56 c 74 c
3 b 21 d 39 d 57 b 75 d
4 d 22 c 40 d 58 c 76 a
5 c 23 b 41 a 59 d 77 c
6 a 24 d 42 c 60 d 78 b
7 b 25 c 43 c 61 b 79 c
8 c 26 c 44 d 62 c 80 d
9 a 27 b 45 b 63 a 81
10 b 28 d 46 a 64 b 82
11 c 29 a 47 c 65 b 83
12 a 30 b 48 c 66 b 84
13 a 31 b 49 b 67 d 85
14 c 32 b 50 d 68 a 86
15 a 33 a 51 b 69 b 87
16 a 34 b 52 b 70 d 88
17 a 35 b 53 c 71 a 89
18 c 36 c 54 c 72 b 90
責(zé)任編輯:李芳芳
高三英語(yǔ)教案篇5
good evening ,dear teacher, i'm pleased to have the chance to show you my teaching opinions. the topic i will talk about is from book 4 unit 1 women of achievement . it consists of 6 parts.
part i. the analysis of teaching material
first is my analysis of teaching material, this unit will talk about a few great women, and the article will focus on jane goodall, a great woman, as an animal lover, she tried her best to call for protection of wildlife. so we can see the article aims to enhance the students' awareness of wildlife protection.
part ii. teaching aims:
according to the new standard curriculum and syllabus , and study the teaching material , i think the teaching aims are as follows:
1. knowledge aims: (firstly) to master the new words, phrases ,and useful expressions
2. ability aims: secondly to develop the ss' reading skills such as : listening , speaking , reading and writing .
3. moral aims: thirdly by learning the passage, let the students realize that everyone should have the responsibility to protect the wildlife.
part iii. teaching and learning methods:
in order to achieve the teaching aims , i will use the task-based and students-centered methods , and the teacher acts as a director. i will also use encouraging words such as : have a try , a good job, excellent, and so on and make full use of modern equipments.
part iv . difficult and important points :
now let's come to difficult and important points , it's about the great women, so we can learn a lot of good qualities of jane goodall, and the difficult point is to develop the students reading skills and communicate with each other fluently.
part v. teaching procedures:
next part is the most important part, teaching procedures.
step 1. leading-in
at first, i will show some pictures about great women, and ask/encourage the students to guess who they are , and what makes them great. in the last picture , i will show some pictures about her work in the forest , according to the pictures, what did she do ? in this way , we will enter the passage.
step 2.skimming.
43minutes to get the main idea of the passage, this step will train the students' fast reading ability. and grasp the key information of the passage.
step 3 . scanning
according to the main idea, we know jane goodall spent 40 years in the forest, .
1. why did she go to africa ?
2. what did she do there?
3. what did she achieve ?
according to these questions and a table , to complete the scanning .
step 4 language points:
while they are reading , they may meet some new words , phrases, or even sentences, first they can underline it and then discuss it with your partner. and i will also show some useful expressions. such as:
1. worthwhile /worthy /worth
2.only after ...... was she allowed ....
step 5. discussion .
right now we know jane goodall devoted her most time to research, now what made her great ? and what did you learn from her ? 4 minutes to discuss in groups , and then some will present their opinions to us. this step will develop the students' ability of cooperation , communication and expression.
step 6. homework .
finally , it is the homework , write a composition , try to introduce jane goodall , what did you learn from her? you can use words and phrases as many as you can you have learned in your passage.
step 7 . the blackboard design.
a good design will have a better understanding. so here is the title , and on the left are the key words ,or phrases, on the right are some sentences.
now a clear design will help them understand better.
so much for my teaching ideas. thank you for your attention.